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DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Paris:20191115T120000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Paris:20191115T140000
DTSTAMP:20260505T215731
CREATED:20191031T144400Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20200430T152648Z
UID:3069-1573819200-1573826400@www.ilcb.fr
SUMMARY:Musicians at the cocktail party: Neural correlates of bottom-up and top down mechanisms
DESCRIPTION:“Musicians at the cocktail party: Neural correlates of bottom-up and top down mechanisms” \nRobert Zatorre\nMontreal Neurological Institute\nMcGill University \nSegregating sound mixtures makes demands on multiple cognitive and neural mechanisms that musical training may enhance or exploit. In a series of studies we have documented the music-related enhancement behaviorally in the context of speech in noise\, and also in a selective attention context with competing speech streams. Using functional MRI\, we observed that musicians’ enhanced speech-in-noise perception was associated with better decoding of speech in auditory areas at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR)\, whereas under low SNR conditions the enhancement was associated with decoding in frontal and motor cortical regions. We interpret this finding as indicating a shift from bottom-up to top-down mechanisms depending on the quality of the input\, with musicians being better able to deploy either mechanism as a function of the conditions. We then used MEG to look at the neural representation of competing speech streams via decoding of the neural signature (amplitude envelope) of attended vs unattended items. The behavioral advantage associated with musical training was related to enhanced ability to represent both streams in auditory cortex\, consistent with their capacity to follow multiple sound streams in music. These cognitive neuroscience approaches help us to develop better models to explain why musicians are good at cocktail parties (apart from their reputed drinking abilities).
URL:https://www.ilcb.fr/event/musicians-at-the-cocktail-party-neural-correlates-of-bottom-up-and-top-down-mechanisms/
LOCATION:Amphi MASSIANI\, 3 place Victor Hugo\, Marseille\, 13331\, France
CATEGORIES:Lunch Talks
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Paris:20191122T110000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Paris:20191122T120000
DTSTAMP:20260505T215731
CREATED:20191031T144703Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20200430T152642Z
UID:3071-1574420400-1574424000@www.ilcb.fr
SUMMARY:Using Data Science to Study Children's Cognitive Development
DESCRIPTION:“Using Data Science to Study Children’s Cognitive Development” Abdellah Fourtassi \nFollowing the seminal work of Piaget\, the traditional approach in cognitive development has focused on studying the structure of children’s knowledge in controlled situations (e.g.\, laboratory experiments). While this approach allows for precise inference about how children behave in certain tasks\, it cannot provide an understanding of the social context within which knowledge emerges. In fact\, it has been known\, at least since Vygotsky\, that children acquire new skills and concepts with the help of more competent members of society who scaffold the children’s learning\, allowing them to attain skills that are just beyond their current abilities. In fact\, much of the children’s abstract knowledge about the world\, it has been argued\, is mediated through discussions with their parents/caregivers. \nIn this talk\, I explain how new advances in Data Science\, especially in Natural Language Processing (NLP)\, allow us to 1) account for what and how information is presented to children by their parents through language\, and 2) make precise predictions about the way this information can be used by children in controlled designs. Thus\, NLP can create a fruitful synergy between controlled and naturalistic research methods. More generally\, I argue that a complete theory of cognitive development requires interdisciplinary research across computer science and psychology.
URL:https://www.ilcb.fr/event/3071/
LOCATION:Salle des voûtes\, St Charles\, 3 place Victor Hugo\, Marseille\, 13001\, France
CATEGORIES:Lunch Talks
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Paris:20191129T120000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Paris:20191129T140000
DTSTAMP:20260505T215731
CREATED:20191031T143940Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20200430T152638Z
UID:3065-1575028800-1575036000@www.ilcb.fr
SUMMARY:What we learn and when we learn it:  the interaction of maturation and experience in music and language
DESCRIPTION:What we learn and when we learn it: the interaction of maturation and experience in music and language \nVirginia Penhune\nDepartment of Psychology\, Concordia University\nLaboratory for Motor Control and Neural Plasticity\nhttps://www.concordia.ca/artsci/psychology/research/penhune-lab.html \nThe impact of training or experience is not the same at all points in development. Children who learn to play a musical instrument or speak a second language early in life are often more proficient as adults. In the domain of music\, a wealth of anecdotal evidence suggests that early training is important for musical skill\, however\, there has been little evidence directly demonstrating the impact of the age of start. To address this question\, work in my laboratory has compared behavior and brain structure in early- (<7) and late-trained ( >7) adult and child musicians\, showing differences in behavior and brain structure. More recently\, we have compared early- and late-trained musicians with simultaneous and sequential bilinguals\, showing differential effects of age-of-start in the arcuate fasciculus. I will discuss these findings in the context of our understanding of the interaction between normative development and specific experience\, and describe a model of gene-environment interactions that integrates the contribution of age of start.
URL:https://www.ilcb.fr/event/what-we-learn-and-when-we-learn-it-the-interaction-of-maturation-and-experience-in-music-and-language/
LOCATION:FRUMAM\, 3 place Victor Hugo\, Marseille\, 13001\, France
CATEGORIES:Lunch Talks
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