Sulcal Patterns Linked to Reading and Writing Skills

The folding patterns of various sulci were measured in structural MRI scans from children (ages 8–11) and adults (ages 20–40). In both groups, variations in the occipito-temporal sulcus were associated with reading and writing scores. Also in both groups, asymmetry of the anterior cinculate cortex was specifically linked to graphomotor performance, highlighting the role of this structure in writing development and practice. Sulcal patterns are established prenatally and remain stable over time. Thus, early brain development may contribute differences in literacy, alongside the neuroplastic effects of education, learning experiences, and socioeconomic factors.